Referral to LEMA (Light Educational Measure Alcohol and traffic) or the EMA (Educational Measure Alcohol and traffic) does not lead to a lower risk of recidivism for drink-driving [42]. The EMG (Educational Measure Behaviour), imposed on speeding offenders, has also been found to be ineffective in preventing new speeding and other EMG-related offences [43].
LEMA and EMA are Dutch administrative measures that can be imposed on people caught for drink-driving. They are short courses that the participants have to pay for themselves addressing the risks of alcohol consumption in traffic and the need to separate alcohol consumption and traffic participation.
EMG (educational measure behaviour) is a similar administrative measure, but it is imposed on drivers who exhibit very dangerous driving behaviour, such as excessive speeding. Since April 2023, there has been a light EMG (LEMG) especially for young drivers who have committed a major speeding offence for the first time. In April 2023, an Educational Measure Drugs (EMD) was also introduced. The effects of these new educational measures are not yet known.
For more information, see SWOV fact sheets Driving under the influence of alcohol en Risky road user behaviour, aggression and repeat offenders.
